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Cosa (chi) è ruthenium$71474$ - definizione
![3D rendering of [[human serum albumin]] (HSA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PDB 1AO6-HSA.png?width=200 "3D rendering of [[human serum albumin]] (HSA)")
![[[Grubbs' catalyst]], which earned a Nobel Prize for its inventor, is used in [[alkene metathesis]] reactions.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Grubbs catalyst Gen2.svg?width=200 "[[Grubbs' catalyst]], which earned a Nobel Prize for its inventor, is used in [[alkene metathesis]] reactions.")
![RuCl<sub>3</sub>-catalyzed [[ring-opening metathesis polymerization]] reaction giving polynorbornene..](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Polynbornene.png?width=200 "RuCl<sub>3</sub>-catalyzed [[ring-opening metathesis polymerization]] reaction giving polynorbornene..")
![ee]] >99%)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/RuCl(S,S-TsDPEN)(cymene)-catalysed R,R-hydrobenzoin synthesis.svg?width=200 "ee]] >99%)")
ruthenium(II)-chloride-powder.jpg?width=200 "Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride.")
Wikipedia
Naturally occurring ruthenium (44Ru) is composed of seven stable isotopes. Additionally, 27 radioactive isotopes have been discovered. Of these radioisotopes, the most stable are 106Ru, with a half-life of 373.59 days; 103Ru, with a half-life of 39.26 days and 97Ru, with a half-life of 2.9 days.
Twenty-four other radioisotopes have been characterized with atomic weights ranging from 86.95 u (87Ru) to 119.95 u (120Ru). Most of these have half-lives that are less than five minutes, except 94Ru (half-life: 51.8 minutes), 95Ru (half-life: 1.643 hours), and 105Ru (half-life: 4.44 hours).
The primary decay mode before the most abundant isotope, 102Ru, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta emission. The primary decay product before 102Ru is technetium and the primary product after is rhodium.
Because of the very high volatility of ruthenium tetroxide (RuO
4) ruthenium radioactive isotopes with their relative short half-life are considered as the second most hazardous gaseous isotopes after iodine-131 in case of release by a nuclear accident. The two most important isotopes of ruthenium in case of nuclear accident are these with the longest half-life: 103Ru (≥ 1 month) and 106Ru (≥ 1 year).
